International law, after World War II, focused on maintaining peace and sanctioning states and individuals responsible for war crimes and crimes against humanity. Despite these efforts, regional conflicts have continued. In 2002, the 1998 Rome Statute came into force, establishing the International Criminal Court (icc), with 125 states parties as of March 2025. However, the United States has not joined the icc and has enacted laws against the Court and those cooperating with it.In 2023 and 2024, the icc issued arrest warrants against heads of state Vladimir Putin and Benjamin Netanyahu, respectively. In response, several icc member states declared their unwillingness to execute these warrants.With the entry into force of the 2024 Ljubljana-The Hague Convention, judges in states adhering to this new convention will be able to investigate, arrest, and prosecute those responsible for war crimes or crimes against humanity, either as an alternative to or in collaboration with the ICC.