Vaccination is considered the most effective way of ending the COVID-19 pandemic that has been raging since March 2020. As with other issues during the pandemic, vaccination has generated important litigation involving the balancing of fundamental rights. This article surveys four key areas in vaccination litigation around the world from a comparative perspective. First, the article analyzes the issue of compulsory vaccination and links it to the government measures that potentially discriminate citizens based on their vaccination status. The second issue relates to prioritization, which is also subject to extensive litigation because some categories of people believe they should be prioritized for vaccination. The third issue deals with the processing of vaccination data, in particular the extent to which authorities can collect and process citizens’ health data linked to vaccination. Finally, the fourth issue is institutional, as it concerns litigation regarding which level of government is competent to lead vaccination campaigns. Overall, the survey shows the important role that courts have been playing in balancing fundamental rights in the context of ongoing vaccination campaigns worldwide.